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自定义控件

import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
in-out property <int> counter: 0;
VerticalBox {
button := Button {
text: "Button, pressed " + root.counter + " times";
clicked => {
root.counter += 1;
}
}
}
}
slint

在第一个示例中,你会看到 Slint 语言的基础知识:

  • 我们使用 import 语句从标准库导入 VerticalBox 布局和 Button 控件。 该语句可以导入控件,也可以导入你在其他文件中声明的自定义组件。 你无需导入 Window 或 Rectangle 这样的内置元素。
  • 我们使用 component 关键字声明 Recipe 组件。Recipe 继承自 Window, 并包含元素:一个带单个按钮的布局(VerticalBox)。
  • 通过元素名称后跟一对花括号(内容可选)来实例化元素。 你可以用 := 为特定元素指定名称。
  • 元素具有属性。使用 : 设置属性值。这里我们为 Button 的 text 属性 赋了一个绑定,它通过拼接若干字符串字面量来计算出字符串,同时还赋了 counter 属性。
  • 你可以用 property <...> 为任意元素声明自定义属性。属性需要有类型, 可以有默认值和访问修饰符。像 private、in、out 或 in-out 这样的 访问修饰符定义了外部元素如何与该属性交互。Private 是默认值, 会阻止任何外部元素访问该属性。本例中的 counter 属性就是自定义属性。
  • 元素也可以有回调。这里我们用 => { ... } 为 button 的 clicked 回调赋了一个回调处理器。
  • 如果绑定所依赖的任何属性发生变化,属性绑定会自动重新求值。每当 counter 变化时,按钮的 text 绑定都会自动重新计算。

这个示例使用原生代码递增 counter:

import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
in-out property <int> counter: 0;
callback button-pressed <=> button.clicked;
VerticalBox {
button := Button {
text: "Button, pressed " + root.counter + " times";
}
}
}
slint

<=> 语法将两个回调绑定在一起。这里新的 button-pressed 回调 绑定到 button.clicked。

主组件的根元素将所有非 private 的属性和回调暴露给原生代码。

在 Slint 中,所有标识符里的 - 和 _ 等价且可互换。 原生代码则不同:大多数编程语言禁止在标识符中使用 -, 因此 - 会被替换为 _。

出于技术原因,这个示例在 slint! 宏中使用了 export {Recipe}。 在实际代码中,你可以把整个 Slint 代码放进 slint! 宏,或者配合构建脚本 使用外部的 .slint 文件。

slint::slint!(export { Recipe } from "button_native.slint";);
fn main() {
let recipe = Recipe::new().unwrap();
let recipe_weak = recipe.as_weak();
recipe.on_button_pressed(move || {
let recipe = recipe_weak.upgrade().unwrap();
let mut value = recipe.get_counter();
value = value + 1;
recipe.set_counter(value);
});
recipe.run().unwrap();
}
rust

Slint 编译器会为 Recipe 组件根元素的每个可访问属性生成一个 struct Recipe, 其中包含 getter(get_counter)和 setter(set_counter)。它还会为每个可访问的 回调生成一个函数,比如这里的 on_button_pressed。

Recipe 结构体实现了 slint::ComponentHandle trait。组件 管理着一个强引用计数和一个弱引用计数,类似于 Rc。 我们调用 as_weak 函数来获取组件的弱句柄,这样就能把它移入回调中。

这里不能使用强句柄,因为那样会形成循环:组件句柄拥有回调的所有权, 而回调又拥有闭包所捕获变量的所有权。

import { VerticalBox, Slider } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
slider := Slider {
maximum: 100;
}
Text {
text: "Value: \{round(slider.value)}";
}
}
}
slint

这个示例介绍了 Slider 控件。

它还介绍了字符串字面量中的插值:使用 \{...} 将花括号之间代码的结果 渲染为字符串。

import { CheckBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
rect := Rectangle {
x:0;
y: 5px;
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: blue;
animate x {
duration: 500ms;
easing: ease-in-out;
}
}
CheckBox {
y: 25px;
text: "Align rect to the right";
toggled => {
if (self.checked) {
rect.x = parent.width - rect.width;
} else {
rect.x = 0px;
}
}
}
}
slint

布局会自动为元素定位。在这个示例中,我们改为使用 x、y、width、height 属性手动为元素定位。

注意 animate x 块指定了一个动画。每当属性变化时它都会运行: 要么是因为某个回调设置了该属性,要么是因为它的绑定值发生了变化。

import { CheckBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
rect := Rectangle {
x:0;
y: 5px;
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: blue;
animate x {
duration: 500ms;
easing: ease-in-out;
}
animate y {
duration: 250ms;
delay: 500ms;
easing: ease-in;
}
}
CheckBox {
y: 25px;
text: "Align rect bottom right";
toggled => {
if (self.checked) {
rect.x = parent.width - rect.width;
rect.y = parent.height - rect.height;
} else {
rect.x = 0px;
rect.y = 0px;
}
}
}
}
slint

这个示例使用 delay 属性让一个动画在另一个动画之后运行。

import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
component Circle inherits Rectangle {
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
border-radius: root.width / 2;
animate x { duration: 250ms; easing: ease-in; }
animate y { duration: 250ms; easing: ease-in-out; }
animate background { duration: 250ms; }
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
states [
left-aligned when b1.pressed: {
circle1.x: 0px; circle1.y: 40px; circle1.background: green;
circle2.x: 0px; circle2.y: 0px; circle2.background: blue;
}
right-aligned when b2.pressed: {
circle1.x: 170px; circle1.y: 70px; circle1.background: green;
circle2.x: 170px; circle2.y: 00px; circle2.background: blue;
}
]
VerticalBox {
HorizontalBox {
max-height: self.min-height;
b1 := Button {
text: "State 1";
}
b2 := Button {
text: "State 2";
}
}
Rectangle {
background: root.background.darker(20%);
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
circle1 := Circle { y:0; background: green; x: 85px; }
circle2 := Circle { background: green; x: 85px; y: 40px; }
}
}
}
slint
import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
component Circle inherits Rectangle {
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
border-radius: root.width / 2;
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
states [
left-aligned when b1.pressed: {
circle1.x: 0px; circle1.y: 40px;
circle2.x: 0px; circle2.y: 0px;
in {
animate circle1.x, circle2.x { duration: 250ms; }
}
out {
animate circle1.x, circle2.x { duration: 500ms; }
}
}
right-aligned when !b1.pressed: {
circle1.x: 170px; circle1.y: 70px;
circle2.x: 170px; circle2.y: 00px;
}
]
VerticalBox {
HorizontalBox {
max-height: self.min-height;
b1 := Button {
text: "Press and hold to change state";
}
}
Rectangle {
background: root.background.darker(20%);
width: 250px;
height: 100px;
circle1 := Circle { y:0; background: green; x: 85px; }
circle2 := Circle { background: blue; x: 85px; y: 40px; }
}
}
}
slint
import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
Button { text: "First"; }
Button { text: "Second"; }
Button { text: "Third"; }
}
}
slint
import { HorizontalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
HorizontalBox {
Button { text: "First"; }
Button { text: "Second"; }
Button { text: "Third"; }
}
}
slint
import { GridBox, Button, Slider } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
GridBox {
Row {
Button { text: "First"; }
Button { text: "Second"; }
}
Row {
Button { text: "Third"; }
Button { text: "Fourth"; }
}
Row {
Slider {
colspan: 2;
}
}
}
}
slint

从 Slint 调用全局注册的原生回调

Section titled “从 Slint 调用全局注册的原生回调”

这个示例使用全局单例在原生代码中实现通用逻辑。 这个单例还可以存储原生代码可访问的属性。

注意:预览只可视化 Slint 代码,并未连接到原生代码。

import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, LineEdit } from "std-widgets.slint";
export global Logic {
pure callback to-upper-case(string) -> string;
// You can collect other global properties here
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
input := LineEdit {
text: "Text to be transformed";
}
HorizontalBox {
Text { text: "Transformed:"; }
// Callback invoked in binding expression
Text {
text: {
Logic.to-upper-case(input.text);
}
}
}
}
}
slint

在 Rust 中你可以这样设置回调:

fn main() {
let recipe = Recipe::new().unwrap();
recipe.global::<Logic>().on_to_upper_case(|string| {
string.as_str().to_uppercase().into()
});
// ...
}
rust
component Button inherits Rectangle {
in-out property text <=> txt.text;
callback clicked <=> touch.clicked;
border-radius: root.height / 2;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: root.background.darker(25%);
background: touch.pressed ? #6b8282 : touch.has-hover ? #6c616c : #456;
height: txt.preferred-height * 1.33;
min-width: txt.preferred-width + 20px;
txt := Text {
x: (parent.width - self.width)/2 + (touch.pressed ? 2px : 0);
y: (parent.height - self.height)/2 + (touch.pressed ? 1px : 0);
color: touch.pressed ? #fff : #eee;
}
touch := TouchArea { }
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalLayout {
alignment: start;
Button { text: "Button"; }
}
}
slint
export component ToggleSwitch inherits Rectangle {
callback toggled;
in-out property <string> text;
in-out property <bool> checked;
in-out property<bool> enabled <=> touch-area.enabled;
height: 20px;
horizontal-stretch: 0;
vertical-stretch: 0;
HorizontalLayout {
spacing: 8px;
indicator := Rectangle {
width: 40px;
border-width: 1px;
border-radius: root.height / 2;
border-color: self.background.darker(25%);
background: root.enabled ? (root.checked ? blue: white) : white;
animate background { duration: 100ms; }
bubble := Rectangle {
width: root.height - 8px;
height: bubble.width;
border-radius: bubble.height / 2;
y: 4px;
x: 4px + self.a * (indicator.width - bubble.width - 8px);
property <float> a: root.checked ? 1 : 0;
background: root.checked ? white : (root.enabled ? blue : gray);
animate a, background { duration: 200ms; easing: ease;}
}
}
Text {
min-width: max(100px, self.preferred-width);
text: root.text;
vertical-alignment: center;
color: root.enabled ? black : gray;
}
}
touch-area := TouchArea {
width: root.width;
height: root.height;
clicked => {
if (root.enabled) {
root.checked = !root.checked;
root.toggled();
}
}
}
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalLayout {
alignment: start;
ToggleSwitch { text: "Toggle me"; }
ToggleSwitch { text: "Disabled"; enabled: false; }
}
}
slint

TouchArea 覆盖整个控件,因此你可以从滑块内部的任意位置拖动它。

import { VerticalBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component MySlider inherits Rectangle {
in-out property<float> maximum: 100;
in-out property<float> minimum: 0;
in-out property<float> value;
min-height: 24px;
min-width: 100px;
horizontal-stretch: 1;
vertical-stretch: 0;
border-radius: root.height/2;
background: touch.pressed ? #eee: #ddd;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: root.background.darker(25%);
handle := Rectangle {
width: self.height;
height: parent.height;
border-width: 3px;
border-radius: self.height / 2;
background: touch.pressed ? #f8f: touch.has-hover ? #66f : #0000ff;
border-color: self.background.darker(15%);
x: (root.width - handle.width) * (root.value - root.minimum)/(root.maximum - root.minimum);
}
touch := TouchArea {
property <float> pressed-value;
pointer-event(event) => {
if (event.button == PointerEventButton.left && event.kind == PointerEventKind.down) {
self.pressed-value = root.value;
}
}
moved => {
if (self.enabled && self.pressed) {
root.value = max(root.minimum, min(root.maximum,
self.pressed-value + (touch.mouse-x - touch.pressed-x) * (root.maximum - root.minimum) / (root.width - handle.width)));
}
}
}
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
alignment: start;
slider := MySlider {
maximum: 100;
}
Text {
text: "Value: \{round(slider.value)}";
}
}
}
slint

这个示例展示了另一种实现,它有一个可拖动的滑块手柄: 只有当我们点击手柄时手柄才会移动。 TouchArea 位于手柄内部,并随手柄一起移动。

import { VerticalBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component MySlider inherits Rectangle {
in-out property<float> maximum: 100;
in-out property<float> minimum: 0;
in-out property<float> value;
min-height: 24px;
min-width: 100px;
horizontal-stretch: 1;
vertical-stretch: 0;
border-radius: root.height/2;
background: touch.pressed ? #eee: #ddd;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: root.background.darker(25%);
handle := Rectangle {
width: self.height;
height: parent.height;
border-width: 3px;
border-radius: self.height / 2;
background: touch.pressed ? #f8f: touch.has-hover ? #66f : #0000ff;
border-color: self.background.darker(15%);
x: (root.width - handle.width) * (root.value - root.minimum)/(root.maximum - root.minimum);
touch := TouchArea {
moved => {
if (self.enabled && self.pressed) {
root.value = max(root.minimum, min(root.maximum,
root.value + (self.mouse-x - self.pressed-x) * (root.maximum - root.minimum) / root.width));
}
}
}
}
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
alignment: start;
slider := MySlider {
maximum: 100;
}
Text {
text: "Value: \{round(slider.value)}";
}
}
}
slint

当你想要创建自己的自定义标签页控件时,可以将这个配方作为基础。

import { Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
preferred-height: 200px;
in-out property <int> active-tab;
VerticalLayout {
tab_bar := HorizontalLayout {
spacing: 3px;
Button {
text: "Red";
clicked => { root.active-tab = 0; }
}
Button {
text: "Blue";
clicked => { root.active-tab = 1; }
}
Button {
text: "Green";
clicked => { root.active-tab = 2; }
}
}
Rectangle {
clip: true;
Rectangle {
background: red;
x: root.active-tab == 0 ? 0 : root.active-tab < 0 ? - self.width - 1px : parent.width + 1px;
animate x { duration: 125ms; easing: ease; }
}
Rectangle {
background: blue;
x: root.active-tab == 1 ? 0 : root.active-tab < 1 ? - self.width - 1px : parent.width + 1px;
animate x { duration: 125ms; easing: ease; }
}
Rectangle {
background: green;
x: root.active-tab == 2 ? 0 : root.active-tab < 2 ? - self.width - 1px : parent.width + 1px;
animate x { duration: 125ms; easing: ease; }
}
}
}
}
slint

Slint 提供了表格控件,但你也可以基于 ListView 实现自定义方案。

import { VerticalBox, ListView } from "std-widgets.slint";
component TableView inherits Rectangle {
in property <[string]> columns;
in property <[[string]]> values;
private property <length> e: self.width / root.columns.length;
private property <[length]> column_sizes: [
root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e,
root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e,
root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e,
];
VerticalBox {
padding: 5px;
HorizontalLayout {
padding: 5px; spacing: 5px;
vertical-stretch: 0;
for title[idx] in root.columns : HorizontalLayout {
width: root.column_sizes[idx];
Text { overflow: elide; text: title; }
Rectangle {
width: 1px;
background: gray;
TouchArea {
width: 10px;
x: (parent.width - self.width) / 2;
property <length> cached;
pointer-event(event) => {
if (event.button == PointerEventButton.left && event.kind == PointerEventKind.down) {
self.cached = root.column_sizes[idx];
}
}
moved => {
if (self.pressed) {
root.column_sizes[idx] += (self.mouse-x - self.pressed-x);
if (root.column_sizes[idx] < 0) {
root.column_sizes[idx] = 0;
}
}
}
mouse-cursor: ew-resize;
}
}
}
}
ListView {
for r in root.values : HorizontalLayout {
padding: 5px;
spacing: 5px;
for t[idx] in r : HorizontalLayout {
width: root.column_sizes[idx];
Text { overflow: elide; text: t; }
}
}
}
}
}
export component Example inherits Window {
TableView {
columns: ["Device", "Mount Point", "Total", "Free"];
values: [
["/dev/sda1", "/", "255GB", "82.2GB"] ,
["/dev/sda2", "/tmp", "60.5GB", "44.5GB"] ,
["/dev/sdb1", "/home", "255GB", "32.2GB"] ,
];
}
}
slint

这个配方实现了一个响应式的 SideBar,当父级宽度小于给定的断点时它会折叠。 点击 Button 时,SideBar 会再次展开。使用蓝色的 Splitter 来调整容器大小, 以测试响应式行为。

import { Button, Palette } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component SideBar inherits Rectangle {
private property <bool> collapsed: root.reference-width < root.break-point;
/// Defines the reference width to check `break-point`.
in-out property <length> reference-width;
/// If `reference-width` is less `break-point` the `SideBar` collapses.
in-out property <length> break-point: 600px;
/// Set the text of the expand button.
in-out property <string> expand-button-text;
width: 160px;
container := Rectangle {
private property <bool> expanded;
width: parent.width;
background: Palette.background.darker(0.2);
VerticalLayout {
padding: 2px;
alignment: start;
HorizontalLayout {
alignment: start;
if (root.collapsed) : Button {
checked: container.expanded;
text: root.expand-button-text;
clicked => {
container.expanded = !container.expanded;
}
}
}
@children
}
states [
expanded when container.expanded && root.collapsed : {
width: 160px;
in {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
out {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
in {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
out {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
}
]
}
states [
collapsed when root.collapsed : {
width: 62px;
}
]
}
component Splitter inherits TouchArea {
width: 4px;
mouse-cursor: ew-resize;
Rectangle {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: blue;
}
}
export component SideBarTest inherits Window {
preferred-width: 700px;
min-height: 400px;
background: gray;
GridLayout {
x: 0;
width: splitter.x;
Rectangle {
height: 100%;
col: 1;
background: white;
HorizontalLayout {
padding: 8px;
Text {
color: black;
text: "Content";
}
}
}
SideBar {
col: 0;
reference-width: parent.width;
expand-button-text: "E";
}
}
splitter := Splitter {
x: root.width - self.width;
height: 100%;
moved => {
self.x = min(root.width - self.width, max(400px, self.x + self.mouse-x - self.pressed-x));
}
}
}
slint

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